According to our professional experience, here are some difficulties that
spanish learners of
english are likely to encounter during their learning process.
spanish speakers frequently have problems with pronunciation because of the differences between the two languages' sound systems;
english has 12 vowels and 8 diphthongs while
spanish has only 5 of each. Therefore,
spanish learners often have difficulty with distinguishing between words like “treat” and “trip”. They also confuse the consonants “v” and “b” as in “voice” with the sound of “boat” and the “s” as in “sauce” with the sound of “z” as in “zoo”. Furthermore, since
spanish always has an “e” before “s” in word beginnings, they find an initial “s” difficult to pronounce and tend to add an “e” sound, which makes words like “school” into “eschool”. Besides, students from southern
spain particularly mistake the sound “sh” for “ch”, both of which are nearly similar in their regional language. This fact makes words like “chair” sound as in “share”. In addition to this, the “r” which sounds so lightly in
english contrasts with the strong
spanish “r” sound.
On the other hand, there are a lot of similar words in
spanish and
english which often confuse
spanish students owing to their false cognates. These pairs sound alike but have different meanings in each language. For example: “assist” with “asistir” (it means to attend in
spanish); “exit” with “éxito” (it means success in
spanish); “library” with “librería” (it means book shop in
spanish); “actually” with “actualmente” (it means at the moment in
spanish), etc.
As
english grammar is rather different from the
spanish grammatical system, students often leave out subject pronouns from their
english sentences because a complete
spanish sentence doesn't always need a subject as well as they often change the required subject-verb-object order of
english structure into the
spanish word order.
Negatives and
questions present difficulties as well, since
spanish negative and interrogative forms don't require auxiliary verbs to be formed.
Another problem for
spanish learners is using the correct genre for third singular person possessive adjectives since
spanish can use “su” for “his”, “her” and “its”.
Native
spanish speakers have also trouble with
english spelling; the different ways to spell the same sound in
english may cause problems when spelling words such as “tough” and “fluff”. The large number of vowels and diphthongs prove also troublesome for
spanish learners, who often simplify
english clusters of 2 or 3 consonants and get confused by them when spelling double or single letters. Sometimes, they also put exclamation points or question marks at both the beginning and end of the sentences in writing. Moreover, they often use commas to connect independent clauses, resulting in commas splices.
english compound verbs (phrasal verbs) are always difficult for
spanish speakers to understand, remember and use them naturally in their conversation. It is true that the more phrasal verbs students are able to use the more natural their speech will sound. We have learnt from this course that they are best learned as vocabulary items or taught repeatedly
in various contexts until students start using them naturally for themselves, so this is an invaluable piece of advice that we should always remember when it comes to teach
spanish learners.